International health officials have launched an investigation into a mysterious respiratory illness in the Democratic Republic of Congo, now referred to as “Disease X.” The World Health Organization (WHO) announced over the weekend that it has deployed a team to the affected region to uncover the cause and support local healthcare efforts.

Congolese health authorities have reported 406 cases and 31 deaths linked to the illness, which has hit young children particularly hard. Symptoms, including fever, body aches, coughing, difficulty breathing, and anemia, resemble those of influenza. Most cases are concentrated in the Kwango Province, though an individual traveling from Congo was reportedly hospitalized abroad with similar symptoms.

The term “Disease X” is used by WHO and other health agencies to describe unknown pathogens that could spark pandemics. As tests are underway, officials remain cautious, noting that the illness could stem from a previously known pathogen or a combination of diseases.

Limited resources in the remote area, located 48 hours from Kinshasa, have posed challenges. Prior to the WHO’s arrival, testing capabilities were scarce. The outbreak has occurred in a region with chronic healthcare deficiencies, raising concerns about malnutrition and other underlying factors exacerbating the situation.

Potential causes under investigation include acute pneumonia, influenza, COVID-19, measles, and malaria. Malnutrition, common in the region, may also play a role in worsening the severity of the illness.

The investigation highlights the importance of identifying emerging threats early to prevent global spread. Health authorities are working to determine whether this outbreak represents a localized issue or the beginning of a more significant public health challenge.